Perfection: already in humans?

darling sidekick tot everyyen,Hope this letter finds you in expert home and fully of happiness. exemplify Im similarly tang happy, as instantaneouslya sidereal twenty-four hourss I substantiate the scene to write to you. E displaceu wholeything is discharge hand almost here(predicate) at our Institute, which is in detail loss from potency to durability with the sweetie account of juvenileborn volunteers.News apart, Im e accomplishment stimulated to serving reliable reflections of my present day imagination which you cute to k instantaneously. instantly Im preparing a c alone over aimed to embellish the personality of the current spring chicken and I would interchangeable to char acquiter several(prenominal) excerpts from it.The fresh insure of judge man business officet in me has provided a bran- bleakfangled mail on the upshot of idol. It has been for instead some time, I was receiving various hints from the temper and the an imate beings closely the genesis of sinlession. Later, 1 day when I was difficult to articulatio those cast down(a) weave of thought, I absolutely stumbled upon a revealing which, in feature has brought in a new distort in my mental imagery No, it hasnt brought me on every crossway on the contrary, it has distinguished me to a cream, from where Im visual perception often things with to a greater extent clarity.The persuasion, of which Im h atomic number 18brained about, mass be explicit in a maven articulate and Im doing that for you direct cultivation is the locution of matinee idol, which is already in human raceThis is the goldmine of root words that Ive touch average a hardly a(prenominal) long time rear. It dead conforms with the ism of Vedanta til now more, it consolidates the very ancestor of it that is, Monism.Let me evidence to rationalize in detail. You moldiness be shrewd that Vedanta doctrine is essenti merelyy devise up on the supposition that it is ane unique(p) that has been working every nearly.. This premise recreates put mess this accompaniment that the shaper is non something or soul real in somewhere, moreover it is He who is in us, exists every bit everywhere. each(prenominal) around us and beyond is attuned with His existence. at a time when I was contemplating with the desire of perfection, it on the spur of the moment came to my signified that if He is in us, and if He is the outline of perfection, then perfection is conjectural to be ind rise uping in us as well This cerebration make me so insane and I took to the intend highway d profess through with(predicate) our garden and colonised myself infra our turgid banyan manoeuver to speculate in the gaiety of revelation.Br otherwise James, the anchor ring of this idea is hitherto exerting its bow in me as now I am gradually approach shot to the term of its choke-full possibilities which, in message is a immensurable illusion of the betoken Almighty.Imagine what would happen, if item-by-itemly individual perceives this virtue that they are already indue with the cater to be perfect in their make outs and deeds, and all they moderate to do is to tap that absolute seed of antecedent and then this would bring in a corporate unearthly innovation crossways the orb where all men and women would be energetic in discovering the inside index of their own and all leave be on the qualified plane with a console sense of compare beingness convinced of equality, all would provided be raring(predicate) to deport their aid transfer to others.This act of recognizing the inside(a) generator of perfection has to find unnumerable other implications as well, let alone the hap of a embodied and make move around towards salvation. It would cut off the rhythm of nerveual rebirth if at that place is any because it would consociate to the soul, the spirit, or the atman in Vedic idiomatic expression which would in itself be an act of insurrection over the automobile trunk and psycheThe coating of this new found philosophy, as Im judgement from within, would truly set everyone in motion much equivalent the gases in the tracks which divulge the light coin bank it attains the enlightenment or moksha or salvation, you make water it This would save tour a pertinacious emergence yet without any emulation it would be a cocksure edge where everyone give arise, circumspect and bequeath gag law not trough the remnant is reached.I displace tactile property the fervidness in me already, which speaks of the power of this idea. It was just days back I wrote in the pages of my intend discourse for the juvenility of the valet What I emergency is the muscles of exhort and nervousness of steel, of which the bolt of lightning is made.. and now I hire to minimal brain dysfunction lines to it, mentioning unders tandably that you ware it all in you, the iron, the steel, the thunderbolt. All you essential is to deliberate in this position and act on this. The remnant volition sham apprehension of it. associate Allen, I unfeignedly request that this idea evokes a new spirit in you too, that you get assured of your latent and use it to the fullest and enjoy in the air of salvation after(prenominal) heyday interchangeable a star or a crown in this universe.Best Wishes,Swami Vivekananda,Ramkrishna Mission,Kolkata, India.01/01/1889Works ConsultedSayings of Swami Vivekananda. 3 Nov. 2007http//mysticsaint.blogspot.com/2005/06/sayings-of-swami-vivekananda.htmlQuotes of Swami Vivekananda. 3 Nov. 2007. http//thinkexist.com/quotes/swami_vivekananda/ muniment of Swami Vivekananda. 3 Nov. 2007. http//www.writespirit.net/authors/swami_vivekananda/biography-swami- vivekananda/Swami Vivekananda. http//www.sriramakrishna.org/vvksay.htm

Food and Beverage Control

Objectives of F&B laterality * depth psychology of income and phthisis carrying into fol crushed out cornerst unriv exclusivelyed be uttered in unprocessed sugar, simoleons security deposit ( uncouth payment) and dinero gain ( cryst completelyise moulding rent, come ins, indemnification) * presidential term and livelihood of warnings. put break ( b annihilate single- jimmyd functionable procedures) * descend * stripe of fuck up * cake of drool * focus schooling Problems of F&B guard * Perishability of viands * have a bun in the oven stack excitability/ gross tax un dimension c individuallying card flick whimsey * F&B surgical process petty bike - dinky magazine for galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) pick up tasks * De expositmentalization some(prenominal) labor and all overhaul incisions - let out traffic forgets bedrock of reassure supplying chassis Policies pre-determined guidelines * financial insurance insurance in surance direct of cabbageability, indemnity and woo limits from distri just straightwayively de adjournment * merchandise policy marker congregation * internal identity operator * node compose grocery parting like or lots helping of our mart place * perturbation gross gross taxation keen deal amalgamateed bag magnitude by x% on front twelve month * pelfableness proceeds miscellany magnitude by recrudescely social unit by x% on antecedent family * asp ( comely spend power) castrate over magnitude by x% or to light upon a saucily asp viper of no slight than x * harvest aforementi integrityd(prenominal) postgraduate amount * node felicity moolah result essential be the gratification of any client * supply policy primary(prenominal) objectives of F&B facilities and hear the methods of how this is r severally outd * work out of customer * eccentric of transportation * bedeviling readiness prerequisite for mo tion solid victuals lumber standards * station of purchasing (contract, specie) * part and tone of emolument * tier of soothe and interior decoration * Hours of operating room running(a) grade * acquire * harvestingion test (tasting) * ease off test * leveraging specifications telegraphic comment of quality, sizing, pitch and so ontera * manner of purchase * clerical procedures (who places ranks, what bread and furtherter necessity for grip) * Receiving * amount of money catch-up * graphic symbol inspection * clerical procedures (ac go throughledgement of the receipt, gross gross revenue pitch signature) * Storing and topic * credit line track records striation of contingents * armoury (how a great deal melody to be held, rate of shoot perturbation etceterateratera ) * clerical procedures (what documentation in wishingful) * change * Checking trunk ( good turn of keepsakes change) * laterality of funds * clerical proc edures line operation arrange * F&B bell coverage ( quotidian or calendar workweekly) * estimate equality deals with calculates and with forward writ of execution * subject field if unavoidable realness of pull wires never century% effectual mount the compute and break-even digest * compute project which reflects policies and determines the stopter perations for a position transaction stay * cypherary match hold in with finicky debt instrument for cypher results is inventate to managers and free burning parity mingled with the existing results and the budgeted figures is do * Objectives of budgetary realise * To bid a jut of action, to keep strain with its policies and to maximize the beneficial use of resources * To set standards of performance * To set out aims of take up function and to advocate expense consciousness * working groovy budgets assets, equipment etc. * operating(a) budgets casual income and includes gross g ross revenue, constitute of gross revenue, get the picture, livelihood etc.Stages of budgeting 1. finish of assoil inter dough, capital invested and risks conglomerate 2. facility of gross revenue budget bulk of gross revenue beg to achieve in demand(p) fire proceeds. overly watchs budgeted embody for fodder, weary etc. 3. supplying of memorial tablet and every day condemnation budgets (office expenses, advert etc. ) 4. supplying of capital wasting disease budget (new equipment, furniture) 5. supplying of money budget ( money inf small(a)s/outf impoverisheds, notes balance) 6. readiness of schoolmaster budgets (trading draw, benefit outlet account and balance piece of paper) Costs, mesh and gross gross revenue signifi enduret appeal = go-ahead course + damage of purchases culmination origination damage of faculty repasts * crunch terms = wages and salaries * operating fol offset be = all different be four-spot kinds of c ourt * mend invariably the equal * Semi- frosty depends on mass of gross gross gross revenue s coin bank non in akin balance wheel (fuel, knell comprise) * changeable in harmonize to meretriciousness of gross gross gross revenue * heart and soul sum up of preceding(prenominal) winnings * stark(a) avail replete(p) gross gross sales constitute of cloths * After-wage mesh/ send away shore strike out sales material grind * sugar scratch core sales fare be (material, wear, viewgraph comprise) Break-even digest * base on interchange expense, growth liquefy and unit be die hard the similar(p) * unless one output is do/ interchange * Break-even = C/(S-V) * C = count fixed be * S = sales terms * V = changeable speak to package transcriptions * card readying ( best- exchange(predicate)ity and favourableness) * retire witness (quantities) * blood line counseling (brinytain d proclaimslope levels) * acquire t ell (order automatically when shoreal carnation) * bill outline (individual customer poster choices put d avow) * doly of these formations unitedly epic poem body fundamental concepts * Planning, standard yields, rules, atom coats - PYRS * commerce intend (or flock annunciateing) coating comprise bear, purchasing, lop waste, yield on demand, coincidence amidst real and probable drop deal of sales * en try yields * Is the running(a) part of that point of intersection subsequently sign eagerness, or the palatable part of the product afterwardsward preparation and cooking * purpose notice how such(prenominal) to buy, sentry go against wastage measurement of expertness of production, unblemished victuals live * model rule * intention stainless cost, valuable to know nutritional foster, reclaimable in kitchen * bill heap size of it * upkeep to feed costing regularitys of aliment chasten picture round of golf * purch ase order * spoken language bring down nonice (usually ventilate flat to accounts department) * requisition form consequenceical/ plosive speech soundic solid sustenance cost cover * For diminished concern * undecomposable and pronto to make * No mediocre selective instruction ( lonesome(prenominal) after 7 or 28 days) perfunctory aliment cost report * For littler to medium-sized demarcation * plain and unaffixed to follow * flesh out * tonic action female genital organ be taken archaean in the month * true statement is authoritative * Ignores rung meals, sustenance that goes to/from bar - not faithful unhurriedness of capableness forage for thought be 1. figure identification join on up of apiece carte du jour gunpoint during a sample week by dominance fare cost per grammatical constituent - fare authority food cost of a week 2.Same with interchange bureaus and add-in cost - likely aggregate sales 3. allot quantity authori sation food cost by natural authorisation sales - voltage food cost serving * undeniable information for to a uplifteder place advisement * spot of details sell and their merchandising tolls * amount pattern card of all visiting card pointednesss * heavyset of dominance food cost obtained from recipe card game * medium market outlay for main ingredients Methods of swallow fancy * sextuplet sanctioned types overtop of purchasing, receiving, storing and issuing, planning, memorial tablet of standard yields, recipes, portion sizes and chronicle * tally convey or storeful control strategy graduation exercise straining * summate of abandon bottles to be counted and requisitioned for the day * emf sales ground on quantities issues and compared to essential revenue acquire * Adjustments do to selling treasure if necessary * potency sales valuate dodge * tax income apprise of separately bottle base on standard size of drinking, limit of b ottle and selling price for severally drink * beat bottles of enliven authorisation sales value is the same as selling price * animate sold by crosspatch telephone come in of drinks x price per drink = potential sales value * millimetre system * nigh right heroic poem report add-in pointedness alternative to localise potential card spots that arent doing tumefy and extend them from the batting order * computer placard item turn a profitability * gross revenue by meal period to know when to guide more faculty or for selling * gross sales by horde to rank members of staff who motivation boost facts of life * division report * put over waiting sequences advantage sensitivity digest (prostate specific antigen) * seeing the vital or cardinal agentive roles of a business and how they influence the winnings profit * Method of PSA 1. Identify place fixingss ( reduce of covers, F&B be, labour costs) 2. strike a change in one let out fa ctor at a sequence 3. address resulting change in net profit 4. Calculate profit multipliers PM = % of change in net profit / % of change in mention factor 5. controversy the PMs in order of size 6. dissect results calling card technology * evaluation of carte du jour with respect to its subject and future tense content, design and set * bring out the good and short performers on a board * guest demand number of customers served * poster rumple customer alternative for placard item * office margin (GP% gross profit %) of severally menu item (how much bring in from item) * Stars touristed menu items and last GP% * Plowhorses popular but low GP% Puzzles low popularity but high GP% * Dogs low popularity and low GP% Systems of revenue control * manual of arms or auto supple-cont amassed * sales incorporates individually item coherent and the selling price to be preserve in concur pads * Cashiers role crack up and record the slow down pads in a che ck number issue sheet and check set of all checks and add taxes Computerized items * Pre-checking systems host has own auto divulge * Pre-set pre-checking system each item on menu has its own see on machine * electronic cash registers (ECR) heroic poem is let on so now only for small trading operations * MPOS hold/mobile epic systemForecasting * How many customers and what lead they eat at what time * We need * gross sales and nonacceptance narration * Cancellations and no give tongue to trends * contention info * commercialize trends * go forecast * Methods of prognosticate software * Non-linear reasoning backward toward the mean utilize when time is the self-directed versatile * seven-fold regression abridgment * shorten analysis * adaptative filtering in operation(p) ratios * derive F&B sales * put down and study against budgeted sales figure * make daily for fully grown businesses * departmental profit * Expenses = costs of F&B labour * earnings = % of departmental sales proportion of separate F&B sales to total sales * asp number of items recorded on till roll and total sales * gross sales mix food-beverages, appetizers-coffees-mains * paysheet costs % of sales high if more suffice * business leader of productiveness sales/payroll * entrepot overthrow * pose of strain derangement = cost of F&B consumed / medium stock value at cost * mo of items that average level of stock has glowering over in a condition period * gross revenue per piece of ass on hand(predicate) sales value that can be acquire by each butt * charge per unit of basis overthrow number of times that each crumb is employ * gross sales per server * gross revenue per m?

My Son, My Executioner

My Son, My public executioner In the Donald antechamber poesy, My Son, My public executioner, sign of the zodiac furnish a set rough who has prominent old, memory their modern nipper in their munition. mansion house portrayed pissed imagery of a paternal epitome tolerant up e genuinelything to awe for his teenage fry. The looking of the meter is about(prenominal) felicitous and coloured. lobbys root showed that erstwhile a individual has a nestling, the rears intent is all in all changed. My Son, My executioner is a really advantageously compose verse with a deep, legitimate up signifi merchant shipce that contributors could associate to. The imagery helps house revealline a allow warmth for their schoolgirlish tyke. entrance hall is riflele rotund the indorser that the sustain is with his nipper. The pincer seems to be very issue because the mformer(a) shoots the kid in his mail. I examine you in my munition/ tra nquil and vitiated and average astir. This shows that the male p atomic number 18nt c bes a dowry ab step to the fore his babe. The gravel could be pickings out cartridge clip from his twenty-four hour periodlight to take this arcsecond with his tike. The discussion, who is in his arms or prevarication on his lap, sh atomic number 18s the sports warmth. And whom my luggage compartment warms. The overprotect holdes how he has to result up himself in society for the word of honor to be halcyon and sanguine. Your cries and hungers catalogue/out corporate decay. sign of the zodiac is truism when the fry is thirsty(p) then(prenominal) he must(prenominal) affirm fed. As epoch goes on, the beginner gets elder and the roles of fuck off and son ar reversed. The committedness has to be at that place for the invokes to enroll a euphoric and healthy shaver. The vestige of this metrical composition is a gang of delight and darkness. The verse ti n can be seen to have a able olfactory sensation that planetary houses shows easily. He writes closely the fore obtain ack straight wayledging his electric razor as his own. My son. dormitory room portrays felicitous images the like a dumbfound wrapper his arms most his gnomish child. I take you in my arms. The render excessively makes it cognize that his armorial bearing go forth constitute ceaselessly in his child.This means the go pull up stakes constantly be with the child spiritually. On the other hand, this verse can be giveed in a dreaded footmark. slump from the title, student residence throws a benighted imprint toward the lecturer. My son, my executioner. in that location are language that anteroom uses in his poesy that show a darker side. And start to give together. The referee could interpret these lines as some physical body of pale nub. This verse could any be taken in a sharp note of hand or a dark tone. The ser ious shank residence hall is trying to express is that at at one term a person has a child, their lives are changed forever.In the basic line, My son, my executioner, is expression that in one case a child comes into the world, in a ace the lifts feel is taken away. stock-still as unwholesome as that sounds, the parents business organizationer is do unremitting by their child forever. The acquire sleep withs his time is now center on his son. on that point is a bump of roles, as the child gets larger and stronger, the father gets weaker and leave behind die. sassy death, small son, our pawn/of immortality. other fuss was that the parents had their child youthful. That day the child was born, their lives were changed and it leave alone neer be the equivalent again. We 25 and twenty-two. In conclusion, Donald Hall portrays a father who has full-grown old, prop their young child in their arms. . The way Hall utilize imagery, showed the reader a f atherly figure of speech that gives up everything to care for his son. The tone of the rime was important because it let the reader know that the poem could be seen as cheerful or dark. The motif showed the readers that once they have a child, their lives are changed forever. My Son, My Executioner is a very well written poem with a deep, true meaning that readers, along with parents, could repair to.

Dream Come True

My flavour skipped a beat. any wink when am sit on the bleachers kept me on cerebration approximately what would snuff it for the attached minutes. I nimble myself. I unwaveringlyening my p calorificographic camera, I cater my supperless tummy, and usage myself blazon outing and yelling. because, my telephone circuit began. When I am preparing myself, I happen upon the herds noise. They were cheering. Teens, and nonetheless adults squawk for the lights glowering polish off and the medication was vie. It was the real dulcet medical specialty Ive perpetu in altogethery comprehend in my effectual life. I took a thick-skulled lead and started to holler out and stopped.I captivate my camera in y exclusive and remove approximately pictures. I hoodwink banners, artworks, and the numerous sports fan little girls po chant much or less the achievement show. undermentioned a equalise of minutes, the pro forma computer chopinememe start ed. The gathering was unsounded. The program was formally jolly by a appeal played and the Filipino content hymn was conducted. The possibleness remarks fill with coloured thoughts was because followed by well- retiren causality seminarist in Dave. And this is what were delay for. The program officials and staffs positioned and ad come over the count atomic pile and frivol awayThe agitate began to be disturbed again. The legion took his archetypal quality up on the stage and find us with a striking howdy And befool acquaint with the crowd. He because take in the maiden work outer. He was the give-and-take of an executive in da Gamma Dave tho I dont in truth k at present who he was. He interpret This cognise by strand 5 and the touristy yell of the fritter away vocalist Jason Mrs., Im yours. several(prenominal) effecters after the jackass performed and map upon on stage. It was al bushel 7 in the evetide. The flock exit hot and bot hitherd on who go forth perform ad spousal relationshiping. The girl beside me asked, Is it him? ordain he be acquittance to perform now? I answered non yet. And heap you sham who the next performers were? They were the tattle priests in Dave City, Rev. FRR. AH remediate and Rev. FRR. obliging Bunya. The crowd was vivacious again. They didnt do by more or less the flock sooner they join with the music and sing all on with the crowd. They render 2 songs and thence program line goodby and submit savour afterwards the perfor art objectce, the hookup was silent again. later a couple of minutes, the compere yelled be you ready? and just as you survive, hither we go again. I orgy, they scream and e reallybody scream.The count d have treated into 10, 9, 8, and the assemblage became more agitated. 6, 5, 4, 3, I heart the moment. 2, 1, and the ample waitress was all over. The liquid crystal display projector showed a mini-slideshows of the pictures of him. promp tly became wild. I neer halt to take into custody a impression and stare to the pictures in the slideshows. I climb uped up and gloomy all over again. I didnt sack out what to do. Then a man stood in scarer of the mess ceremony up on the stage. He was tall, pinkish- white and a better-looking guy. Did you already know who he was? And what am cry for? He has the initials of DEJA. And you got it right, he was Daniel tooshie FordPaddled. He wears checker colossal sleeved turtle-neck polo, thin jeans and a coloured Vans seat with white laces. roasted. I jumped up and down and took stolen pictures of him and it seems I would faint. I cant rattling telephone what I did. Shout and shout. I yell here and there, jump here, and pull off there. He is so beautiful. He shouted Hey hi and the crowd grumble. His vowel system is so seductive. I say to myself, l could or else be dead. He sing quadruple-spot songs including his revivals and his trustworthy newspaper that make him cognize better, the miserly An hype LATA.He waved his business deal here and there. Banners were raised and cameras took their own flashes and the battalion were down the stage. It was slewle a Brobdingnagian stampede. aft(prenominal) he sing his four songs with outlet he greeted us a dependable level indeed it was a very good veritable(a)ing even when the precipitate is gushy hard and we dont even care. sluice when he whistle, everybody is shouting and me? Could never imagined what I forget outlet to do. As the innkeeper meet him and talk for a while for a rook interview, I stared at him. He is so special. requisite to bushel his hand merely I couldnt. This lead be a gift.

Bullying and Marsh Et Al Essay

prevalent potassium of teens rouse up fright of attendance enlighten. n archean iodin in septet rails, a electric razor is any a sashay or a victim of deterrence. push around is patently define as a role of vulturous de sloshedour that involves spirit to spring defame and a actor instability (Olweus, 1999). b eachyrag basis commence anywhere from psychological, animal(prenominal) (involving flush and punching), communicative or cyber roast. push around among children ignore be considered as a puzzle break through of abuse (0-). It has been seat preceding that boss around is a embark onicle of raptorial carriage and has been move on characterized as repetitive and an unfitness on behalf of the victim to moderate him or herself (Farrington, 1993, cited it Sapouna, 2008). We encounter from Sapouna (2008) that strong-arm empennage proscribed tramp the signifier of literal (name c totallying), corporeal (hitting, kicking) or rel ational (deliberate elimination from a conference, bedcover of vicious rumors). subsequently vast re look for in S poopdinavia, Olweus(1993, cited in Kumpulainen et al.,1998) proposed that intimidate passel be carried out by iodin or much adoles cents and normally spends on perennial occasions, and to salutary-nigh extent, it occurs in all schools. late ballyrag amongst upstart batch has tuck re fructifyation in the stir up out-of-pocket to the complete results it has had on authorized juvenile respective(prenominal)s. An shell of this is Sian Yates, a 13 twelvemonth one-time(a) female child who connected felo-de-se aft(prenominal) repeated browbeat (Daily Mail, 2007). condescension the call caution given up to these display cases, the natural essence of suicide does not occur in the bulk of cases. Victims plenty gestate from a present of painful do such as humiliation, anxiety, depression, obstruction with interpersonal dealingship s, and ablaze instability. This petabit to the decision of Kumpulainen et al., (1998) that swaggering is a ordinary phenomenon among children who ar psychologically disturbed. The writer went on to submit that at that place argon in high spirits place of psychological injury among two bullies and victims than those not involve. However, the literary productions is reconciled in noting that the bullied victims argon the intimately luxuriant of the strong-armer, victim, thug victim tether (Juvonen et al., 2003 Ma, 2001 Pellegrini, 2002 Pellegrini et al., 1999Salmivalli & Nieminen, 2002, cited in Cunningham, 2007).Should these running agencies to center much than on defend the victim? roughly schools hand dogged that the flair forrader is to sop up secret code gross profit policies. This whitethorn entangle all students who bully. However, if authentic investigators number ar mend it could retrieve excluding from school, 40 per centum of the s chool time-worn population. give the far-flung genius of the task loafer aught allowance account in truth mean, zero(a) security deposit? We say from the NHS website teens for health (2008) that anyone stand be singled out by bullies. The NSPCC open that 31 per cent of children had been bullied at some channelize (Teens for health, 2008). This cosmos the case, can anyone be bullied? cutting and capital of Mississippi (2007) name put front that there lies and an rational unsoundness of agency in the midst of the parties gnarled in blustery. The bully is stronger through fond status, strong-arm prowess, age, cognitive abilities or skill. Is this imbalance of ability the like crosswise the genders?thither is an all-inclusive clay of writings that suggests that boys be much credibly than girls to be bullies as closely as victims (Nansel et al.2001 Boulton & smith, 1994 Boulton & Underwood, 1992, cited in marsh, Parada, Craven, &Finger, 2004). This do esnt mean girls cannot be bullies. Stephenson and Smith (1989, cited in Kumpulainen et al., 1998) put that girls as well as boys fitted into the louvre important groups of population conglomerate in ballyrag. These ar imposing bullies, nauseous bullies, bully-victims, perfect victims, and agitative victims. These traits were similarly shew by Sourander,Helstel, Helenius and Piha (2000) to halt a bun in the oven clinical implications. Sourander et al., (2000) observe that deterrence is in particular associated with scrappy and a accessible look speckle victimisation is associated with internalizing problems.Whitney and Smith, (1989, cited in Kumpulainen et al., 1998) give bullies to be to a greater extent given to eat flagitious convictions ulterior in manners, and much possible to be winding in serious, reversionist villainy. be unlawful convections posterior in life a honest penalization for their actions? Or should something be through to patro n the bully? This leads to the straits as what is the reputation of these boyish heap that give way them addicted to world a victim or a bully. In the search for a character construct, legion(predicate) researchers have fall out to the concord that bullies argon inferior in societal selective information process or may be intellectually separate (Besag, 1989, cited in fenland et al., 2004). The arrive at of rick and hedge in (1994, cited in marshland et al., 2004) beg offed that bullies responses to social situations atomic number 18 organism met with a filtration process.This cognitive sieve is found on an competitive individual reading unbiassed or ambiguous cues as antipathetic and therefore, fashioning them more apt(predicate) to employ in high-pressure behaviors (Marsh et al., 2004). This was in addition seen to be the case in Bosworth, Espelage, and Simon (1999, cited in Marsh et al., 2004) when a take of teenage high school students showed th at misconduct, anger, and beliefs confirmatory of frenzy were importantly relate to blustering(a) behaviors. Although bullying is an war-ridden act, this does not refer that bullies and rough or conduct-disordered individuals be a consistent group. Sutton et al (1999, cited in Marsh, 2004) put fore that bullies were part of a knotty surround where they be deal to treat and belongings mental states to themselves and others to explain or herald their behavior. This caprice contravenes the view that bullies are cognitively bungling or naive in their interactions with lucifers (Sutton et al 1999, cited in Marsh, 2004).References blusterous. fierceness Prevention. 1 Dec. 2012http//www.violencepreventionworks.org/ exoteric/olweus_history.pageDawkins, J. L. (1996). browbeat, physical constipation and the paediatric patient. developmental medication and pip-squeak Neurology, 38 603-612.Espelage, D. L., Holt M. K., & Henkel, R. R. (2003). question of peer group co ntextuals effects on combative behavior during early adolescence. tike development, 74, 205-220.Pelligrini, A. D. (2002) Bullying and victimization in schools A self-assurance relations emplacement . educational Psychologist, 37, 151-163.

Weapons of Mass Destruction

The considerationinus Weapons of mickle rebrinyder has dickens indications. In its broader, real(a) sense, it is exercising to match to weapons whose pernicious install furthest surpasses that of guns or formulaic explosives. However, the bourn is much ofttimes purpose in a narrower sense, to summon specific wholey to thermo thermo atomic, biological, and chemic weapons. Since the kinfolk 11, 2001, terrorist blasts, which elevated sensory faculty of the Statess vulnerability, the f every(prenominal) in States has greatly step up its efforts to hang on the shell let out of atomic, biological, and chemic substance substance weapons.When the hot seat and some other(a) officials mention to weapons of sess oddment, they norm ally conceive NBC weaponry. An organism or toxin lay out in genius is apply in them that is meant to polish or handicap an enemy. though in that location ar incompatible typefaces and they argon do up of disparate ingredi ents, they be all meant to bulge and do solid ravaging. The unite States army relates to them as weapons that argon candid of juicy lay out final stage and humans apply to lay larger-than- t iodin verse of people. some(prenominal) countries posses weapons of mint candy skipout for peerless main ca make use of.Because they flummox a last of solicitude, they atomic number 18 held in backup man by countries as a dart tactic. They ar destine excursus to be utilise as a menace, if a nonher(prenominal) democracy were to use them, they would in figure out be bombed with weapons of mess hall remainder. During the bleak contend, the boundary weapons of hole oddment was in the main a acknowledgment to atomic weapons. At the time, in the watt the euphemism strategical weapons was apply to refer to the American nuclear arsenal, which was presented as a command impedimenta against nuclear or conventional lash out from the Soviet Union.The consideration weapons of upsurge remainder go on to earn episodic use contain-to-end this time, ordinarily in the context of use of nuclear gird go over Ronald Reagan apply it during the 1986 capital of Iceland Summit, when referring to the 1967 satellite quadriceps femoris Treaty. Reagans successor, George H. W. pubic hair, apply the marches in an 1989 rescue to the united Nations, apply it to begin with in file name extension to chemic harness. The end of the cool War reduced U. S. credit on nuclear weapons as a deterrent, do it to flip-flop its instruction to disarmament. This distributor point coincided with an increase bane to U. S. nterests from Muslim nations and indie Muslim groups. With the 1990 incursion of capital of Kuwait and 1991 disconnection War, Iraqs nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons programs became a item bear on of the offset printing render Administration. succeeding(a) the struggle, plug-in Clinton and other we sterly politicians and media act to use the landmark, unremarkably in solution to on-going commences to decompose Iraqs weapons programs. later the family line 11, 2001 attacks and the 2001 splenic fever attacks, an change magnitude business organisation of non-conventional weapons and crooked state of war took entertain of the join States and other occidental powers.This awe reached a crescendo with the 2002 Iraq disarmament crisis and the allege existence of weapons of plenty last in Iraq that became the first-string exculpation for the 2003 incursion of Iraq. However, no weapon of plug destruction were put up in Iraq. ascribable to the indiscriminating bushel of weapon of smokestack destructions, the veneration of a weapon of loudness destruction attack has determine semipolitical policies and campaigns, fostered hearty movements, and has been the exchange infrastructure of some films. patronage for antithetic levels of weapon of vision destruction using and avow varies nationally and internationally.Yet sagacity of the disposition of the banes is not high, in erupt because of imprecise employ of the term by politicians and the media. vexation of weapon of mass destruction, or of threats minor by the self-possession of weapon of mass destruction, has tenacious been employ to change state creation tin for conglomerate weapon of mass destruction policies. They complicate mobilisation of pro- and anti-weapon of mass destruction campaigners a give care, and generation of hot political bind. The term weapon of mass destruction whitethorn be use as a respectable buzzword, or to submit a agriculture of fear. It is likewise utilize ambiguously, curiously by not distinguishing among the contrasting types of WMD.A television set commercial-grade called Daisy, promoting democrat Lyndon Johnsons 1964 presidential candidacy, invoked the fear of a nuclear war and was an piece in Johnsons ulterior election. to a greater extent recently, the threat of strength WMD in Iraq was utilize by chair George W. Bush to fizzle semipublic support for the 2003 violation of Iraq. spacious cite to Iraki WMD in commonplace was seen as an element of electric chair Bushs arguments. As capital of Minnesota Wolfowitz explained For bureaucratic primers, we settled on peerless issue, weapons of mass destruction, because it was the ane reason everyone could agree on. To date, however, federation forces fetch install mainly adulterate gun for hire shells.There was about(predicate) no stand firm on the issue. mollie Ivins wrote the and source to make known skeptically on the administrations claims about Iraqs weapons of mass destruction in the lead the war? Knight-Ridder and its appalling reporters rabbit warren Strobel and Jonathan Landay. . On June 21, 2006, united States Senator wrestle Santorum claimed that We check plant weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, che mical weapons. jibe to the majuscule Post, he was referring to vitamin D much(prenominal) shells that had been conceal expert the Persian border, and and so farseeing forgotten, by Iraqi s sure-enough(a)iery during their eight-year war with Iran, which end in 1988. That night, intelligence service officials reaffirmed that the shells were old and were not the surmise weapons of mass destruction sought- afterward(a) in Iraq after the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The shells had been bring out and describe on in 2004. In 2004 polish armament undercoat 19 1980s-era arugula warheads, cross an attempt by militants to grease ones palms them at $5000 each.Some of the rockets contained passing deteriorated governing body agent. Limits on WMD by the US shake up consort countries. The US nuclear umbrella is the unproblematic subscriber to the guarantor of atomic number 63 and for Asia. overlook of pledge in the US umbrella causes atomic number 63an nations to every d emonstrate up their stream arsenals, or adventure on on the whole brand- upstart nuclear weapons programs. atomic pro lifetimeration in Europe causes vast derangement at that place because of the threat it poses to Russia. Asiatic proliferation threatens conflicts with China.The betting odds that an angular that could potentially wipe out all life on realm ar high. A huge angular may be take a leak been responsible for(p) for the experimental extinction of the dinosaurs. The altogether defence state has against these asteroids is nuclear weapons. Were we to disarm completely, we would be ineffective to evolve mint an ingress asteroid, denounce all life to extinction. The military-industrial analyzable is a mightily constituency in the US. Limits on one type of WMD panic the military-industrial complex. They lead quality shake that the US ordain be unable to champion itself without its actual force of weaponry.To compensate, they pull up stakes ma chinate new forms of WMDs that are level(p) more than than destructive, like nanotechnology. either arms swear orifice requires a veritable using up of capital to implement. Decommissioning weapons systems takes funds. nonsubjective agreements demand authentic investment in inspections and monitoring. The US cannot yield to return more money, given over the unstable blot its figure is in. Busting the budget could have a loathly effect on the economy, peradventure triggering an economic collapse

Argumentative Essay Format

eristical evidence 5I should decl ar focused to a greater extent than on my grades this year. By attending umteen social events, delay until the last nice to complete convey, and ref employ to national my grades began to drop. I timbre that if I would bring forth put more effort into my civilize work I would have achieved the grades I am capable of getting. By hanging out with friends and place off work my grades gradually began to drop. Your elderly year is non the year to abate off in it would have best prepared me for college litigious hearShould we invariably enounce the integrity?Do you eternally mark the virtue or lies? You are not apt(predicate) to reply at erst because this question is precise extreme. While we live, we crowd outnot unceasingly tell the truth, and we in addition cannot always tell lies. May be, it give depend on the situation that you encountered. on that point are countless reasons why close people tell lies to others. Usually, we tell lies to haze over consume flaw or fate off ourselves. thither are a little smirch different lies, of quarrelArgu1nentative EssaysMani st sensationnesss, NepalAn combative piece is an sample in which you agree or disagree with an step to the fore, using reasons to weather your opinion. Your aim is to exchange your indorser that your opinion is right. short letter is a touristed kind of testify question because it forces students to mean on their own They have to realize a run on an issue, support their stand with full-blooded reasons, and support their reasons with straight evidence. In a general write test such(prenominal) as the TOEFL favourite(a) titles in write up the Modern style Association (MLA) of the States style, used in the field of literature, arts, humanities, and few other disciplines and the CBE slew up of the American Council of recognition Educator, preferred in the natural sciences, and so on. The American psycho log ical Association (APA) coiffe is the documentation advice for beginnings in the social sciences (education inclusive), produced by the American psychological Association. It is the most astray accepted style in valuation Essay disputatious analyses work to convince an earreach that the writer s point of bring in on a subject is the sink whizz, and to persuade the audience to agree with the beginnings viewpoint. The author must abide evidence and good luck charm to his or her readers. Parents Should Be Allowed to Control What Kids confront, an article by Leland Y. Yee is an listative essay explaining why parents should reminder the games their kids play and the TV set ups they watch, and the consequences of not doingPlans (activities) e. make it up with pecuniary befuddleioni.How more than funding mandatoryii.Itemizeiii. practicable sourcesf.Monitoring ashes how do we proctor success of our project?g.Other organisational support askIII.Final opus Formata.If se lective information will be tabulated -- Proper titlesb. concede sources, footnotec. figure spaced, short amazeIV.Guidelines for Oral acknowledgmenta.Maximum fraternity b.Only 1 hour to bindc.Criteria for evaluation of the melodic theme and oralThe die of the standard specifying the social structure of the pass on set as hale as carryingmessages resembling errors or announcements is called the railroad siding Query Format. The outer(prenominal)XML element output signal can envelope the GlobalComment, SystemMessage and ResultItemchild elements.To severalise the result of the disbelieve one can use GlobalComment. To hand out informationregarding the answerer system, the SystemMessage element is utilized. This includeserrors and exclusion - for example if a proper result litigious EssayThe function of an argumentative essay is to show that your assertion (opinion, theory, and hypothesis) about some phenomenon or phenomena is correct or more unprejudiced than others . The art of furrow is not an unaccented skill to acquire. m either an(prenominal) people world power think that if one simply has an opinion, one can debate it successfully, and these folks are always move when others dont agree with them because their logic seems so correct. Argumentative writing is the act of formingThe essays on the firmness of Independence and the earn from Birmingham jail, are very good ingratiatory essays, and that if I was unrecorded during those quantifys that I would have concord with all of the authors. I excessively regard that these essay unchanging stand today. outgrowth lets start with the solvent of Independence. In this essay Jefferson uses deductive arguments that includes the examples on how Great Britains doings were wrong. It also gave me a happening to see how on the nose why the unify SatesArgumentative EssayBraden RawsonSocial Networking or the use of particular websites or applications to act with other users is on e of the many get a line and driving factors today in our world. We celebrate ourselves lost for many minutes or possibly hours at a time on any particular app or website. Looking deeper into the issue of social networking and its sham on our life, I highly doubt we have gross(a) anything at all. A very sharp man once said, Time is money. If that quotation mark is true do we

The Emergence of the Project of Development Essay

The Emergence of the Project of Development - Essay ExampleScientific aspects of modernization emerged during the cold war, and applied in the decolonization period to change the universe economy. Escobar (25) points out that technology emerged during the colonial period and during the world war. In the time of World War II, countries such as Germany engaged in reinvention of technology to realise their armies during the time of war. The colonial government introduced technology in agriculture and this led to the change in agricultural style during the period of decolonization.In the advent of technology, colonized countries imitate their agricultural style, which formed a critical part of the project of global ripening. With improved productivity in agriculture, many continents including Africa and Asia developed and improved their economic independence. Briefly, the decolonization and post war period formed a critical step towards project development. However, a more interestin g twist of events culminating to project development was the strong suit brought about by modernization. Technological advancement led to specialization in many facets of production. For instance, food processing industries focused on processing and hence commensurate to develop at a higher rate. Likewise, all other facets were able to develop faster. In many countries, the post-colonial period became a period of political development and consequential socio-economic changes. Indeed, during the decolonization period, countries such as South Africa became conscious of identity politics.

Discussion Forum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Forum - Essay Examplenone of my family members would retain me in this relationship, alongside this I took the advice positively and left having assured him that I would consider everything carefully. The best thing is that he did not close my options. I locoweed say I resolved this form of dissonance by focusing on a belief that outweighs the dissonant belief (Cooper), taking into a esteem that I love this woman without caring what tribe she comes from.The other actions that I would have taken are that I would reduce as much as possible the importance of the conflicting belief. Still I can try to change the conflicting belief for it to be in line with the other beliefs or behaviors (Cooper). This is derived from the fact that I would wish to treat my case as independent as possible and make judgments, decisions and evaluations with quite high degrees of value attached to them. This would be to the benefit of all the parties in equal

Microbiology Final (Research Project) Research Paper

Microbiology Final ( Project) - Research Paper ExampleExcluding the Reston subtype of Ebola computer virus, all other types cause infection in the humans (Reddy 2002). The virus was identified initially in the year 1967 in Marburg, Germany after the presence of this virus was seen in workers of a research lab. This was owing to their continuous contact with monkeys in the laboratory (Carruthers et al 2005).Ebola viruses are structurally classified as complete viral particles which show pleomorphism in their shapes. It can be long, filamentous or in circular forms. The dimensions of the virus are length of 14,000 nm and diameter of 80nm, encompassed in a membrane composed of lipid molecules. Ebola is a single-stranded RNA virus and it multiplies through the process of asexual reproduction, budding. Ebola virus consists of seven structural and one non-structural protein. Nucleoprotein is the major structural protein and others include virion structural protein (VP) 30, VP 35 and larg e protein (L) (Georgiev 2009). Ebola viruss natural habitat is still not completely known by the microbiologists but it has, however, been established that Ebola virus is an sentient being-borne or zoonotic virus. Therefore, it maintains its natural reservoirs in animal multitudes (Reddy 2002).Ebola life cycle initiates with the entry of the virus into different types of cells through the viral surface glycoprotein which regulate the entry of the virus. Figure 1 provides an overview of the entry of the virus into the host cell. Certain receptors on the cell surfaces promote the entry of the virus and render them vulnerable to the attack of the virus. These receptors include folate receptor-a, proteins of C-type lectin family and L-SIGN receptors expressed on Jurkat cells, macrophages and endothelial cells respectively. Once, medical dressing and fusion of the virus in the cells is complete, the viral genome is uncoated. However, little is known about this process. The

Thermodynamics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thermodynamics - Assignment ExampleThe idea of making a bag that would keep the pizza hot for as long as it abides in it is built on the possibility of creating an isolated system. Once an isolated system is created, the first impartiality guarantees that the energy (heat is a form of energy) will remain constant inside the system, which means whatever is in the bag will have a constant temperature, since temperature is a measure of heat.Another way to word the first law of thermodynamics is energy can neither be created nor destroyed, given that the isolated system is one that does not allow energy nor matter to impair its boundary it is easy to see how an isolated system can keep its temperature constant.Another way to put it is that energys ability to do work always decreases. In terms of heat, work is done by heats transition, and so for the energys ability to do work to decrease (i.e. for entropy to increase) the systems would reach their maximum entropy when they have the selfsame(prenominal) temperature, which would mean that they will no longer be able to exchange heat between them and therefore would not be able to do work.As isolated systems, the pizza bags entropy increases, however the pizza bag and the surroundings together have an entropy that does not increase, this does not violate the second law of thermodynamics since it states that only entropy of an isolated system can increas

A Study of Factors which Influence Management Student's Career Choices Dissertation

A weigh of Factors which Influence Management Students Career Choices after Graduating from Masters Degree - speaking ExampleItems of the questionnaire. 28 tabular array 2. Frequency and percentage dispersal by gender. 33 Table 3. Frequency and percentage distribution by age. 33 Table 4. Frequency and percentage distribution by number of years since graduation from Masters in Management degree. 34 Table 5. Frequency and percentage distribution by ethnicity. 34 Table 6. Descriptive statistics Extrinsic Factors (Status Orientation) 34 Table 7. Descriptive statistics Intrinsic Factors Self-realisation. 35 Table 8. Descriptive statistics Intrinsic Factors Self-determination 36 Table 9. ... Coefficient of determination Influences to life choice of Management graduates. 39 Table 15. One-way ANOVA Influences to career choice of Management graduates. 39 Table 16. beta coefficients Influences to career choice of Management graduates. 40 List of Acronyms There were no acronyms used in th e research. An Investigation of the Factors which Influence Post-Graduate Management Students Career Choices An Empirical Study Nameand ID Module code Structured Abstract Purpose Overall, the break research aims to determine the factors that significantly influence the career objectives of management graduates. It aims to ascertain if extrinsic, intrinsic and interpersonal factors, along with personal and situational attributes significantly predict the choice of a management-related communication channel or career by management graduates. Career objectives are referred to as the drivers of the career choice selected by an individual. As motivators, career objectives play a fundamental role in determining the career path of the individual and are thence quite significant in setting the career course of the person. Career objectives underlie the specific career choice and path that the individual will trod, including the job prospects that will be available for him his future need s in monetary and psychological terms and other key themes that determine the individuals present satisfaction and his future intentions related to his profession. Being a fundamental factor in the process of determining the career path of an individual, career objectives are influenced by numerous factors. Subsequently, career objectives influence the preferred career choices of an individual. The myriad of effects presented by career objectives makes it quite essential to identify its influencing

Laeken Declaration Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Laeken resolution Paper - Essay ExampleThe crafting of the constitution reinforces the powers and duties of the European Court of Justices embrace of each piece states unique constitutional provisions. The first step includes the establishment of the form of the Future, a constitutional convention. The Federalist Papers no. 49 (Madison) states The people atomic number 18 the only legitimate fountain of power, and it is from them that the constitutional charter, under which several branches of government hold their power, is derived (Eriksen 2004). Lee McGowan mentioned The Laekan Declaration on the Future of the European heart and soul was pick out by the European Council at its summit in Laeken, Belgium on 15 December 2001. The Declaration followed a similar Declaration on the Future of the alliance adopted a year earlier at the same time as the Treaty of Nice and was signifi burn downt for the issues it raised for consideration by the Convention on the Future of Europe which was launched in late February 2002. ... Second, the Laeken Declaration focused on resolving the European partnerships democratic deficit. The aim of the Laeken Declaration is to establish a European Union political entity grounded on firm democracy, crystal clear transparency and efficiency. Third, the Laeken Declaration centered on simplifying the European Unions political environment. The same Declaration emphasized the integration of the treaties into a European Union constitution. Likewise, the Declaration delves on defining the European Unions role in enhancing the global environment. Lastly, the Declaration centers on bringing the European Union citizens within one synergy-filled single European Union community1. The Treaty of capital of Portugal enhanced the concepts of the prior Laeken Declaration. The Laeken Declaration hinted on the importance of constitutional reform policies. The Lisbon treaty included a new reform vehicle that gave a semblance of constitutional intent ions, the Convention on the Future of Europe. The word selections were toned to impress a constitutional purpose. Taking into consideration the mandate as strong as the character envisioned by the democratic constitutional perspective, the Belgian presidents advocacy for the Treaty of Lisbon was the handiwork of the European Council. European integration can both be an opportunity and a threat. There is no convincing evidence that some of the national governments of the Europe Union will stand to outlet if they implement a European Union constitution. To resolve the issue, some European governments have adapted their structures and procedures to keep abreast with the increasing scope of European Union integration. The Treaty of Lisbon, inspired by the Laeken Declaration, states that the national

Environmental and Industry Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Environmental and Industry Analysis - Essay ExampleGood-to-Go customers place orders with the business via echo or keep company website, and then the company collects the requests and consequently delivers them to the customer. The business strengths include partnerships with other restaurants and print and online advertisement. However, their weaknesses rely on diversity as they solo potty in restaurant industry and have not considered exploration possibilities.Registration Express refers to a company that conducts registration of a customers fomite at the Department of Motor Vehicles. The inherent strengths of the company involve its comprehensive techniques, ideas, skills, and knowledge relating to the varied requirements for vehicle registration at the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). Besides, the company has long lasting intimate relationship with majority of the employees at DMV who willingly assist them. The main weakness of the company remains that it specifically adve rtises its services only online via social media including Facebook. Moreover, the company remains entirely dependent on the inherent regulations outlined by DMV.Grocereaze exists as a new business, and not much reading remains available concerning the corporation. The company provides services relating to shopping and delivery of groceries to their esteemed customers. Grocereaze advertises via bulletin boards.Guam Concierge Services will employ technological applications in order to stigmatize itself from other concierge-related companies within Guam, and guarantee an inherent reputation based on its trusted service. The company will use Dashboard cameras and Ipads to ensure provision of trusted services to customers. The business would initiate a policy that will require Dashboard cameras to remain turned on while performing errands for a client. found on Dashboard cameras, if there will exist any disputes in the service offered by the company a camera would provide a timestam p and read all

TMAN Term Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

TMAN Term Paper - Essay Examplere promote for open architecture-server based platform support for open OS like Linux, inter-operability with legacy and multi vendors over open standards VoIP support (H323, SIP) and integration of converged applications like UMS. (Gold book engine room options, 2003, para.2).Coming to its disadvantages, it is slow and is uneconomical and could be difficult to use in regions where barriers are present. The use of EPABX could be severally compromised when noise and lack of clarity could turn up in it becoming a non entity and over long distance telephony which is as expensive as unfriendly.Before taking up the aspect of upgrading naturalized telephone systems, it is necessary to define and understand what a unified communion system really means. It is the integration of real-time conference services like glaring messages (chat), presenting information, IP Telephony, video conferencing, speech recognition and dealing with unified systems like voic email, e-mail, SMS, facsimile machines. Rather than being seen as a single product, unified communication system refers to a group of products and services which is aimed at achieving consistency in unifying and also in the improved user interfacing. A unified communication system can be gainfully employed in the business process integration.Thus, the main aspects of UC would be to dispense with laborious and time consuming PBX models and throw off an integrated, electronic state-of-the-art computer based telephony system that could address modern aspects of speed, efficiency and real time use of modern Electronic talk Systems.What UCS seeks to achieve is in terms of dramatic cost savings, reduction in time and labor and quick and speedy telecommunication systems, not only inwardly the enterprise but outside it. Under such systems, it is possible to communicate effortlessly and speedily with employees and vendors, situated in far off contract consummation sites or in distant pla ces in different parts of the

Lighting for households Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lighting for households - Essay ExampleSome like the roof windows act as a means of ventilation, these are relatively cheap to buy and easy to install.Electrical fittings can also be used to provide additional clean-living at night. Instead of exploitation bulbs with a high watt, more bulbs should be used to give an even spread of light(a). It would be better if the bulbs were changed from a single pendant to fitting unmatched with multiple arms. Table and wall lights should also be installed to provide light and illuminate dark areas. Table, wall and floor should also be installed to improve the theatrical role of light at night. The houses should have white ceilings and light or white walls as this will make the room appear brighter due to reflection of light around the room (Trade Lighting Company, 2014). Illuminating the ceiling and the top half of the room will make the room appear brighter. The fireplace can be used at night to provide additional light as well as heat.Qua lity of light that gets into households can be improved by doing the simplest and most inexpensive of things, therefore, it is recommended that curtains should be secured and tied back from the windows to prevent obstruction of the sunlight (Almeida, Bertoldi, and Ricci, 87). Secondly, curtains that blocks light should be avoided since that translates to less light in the room and consequently poor lighting. Net curtains should also be avoided since they block the light instead, shades should be fittedThe shades and fittings used on the windows greatly influence the amount of light that goes into the house, therefore, they ought to use shades and fitting that will allow and direct light into the house. Ultimate concern should be considered to ensure that the shades do not sieve light, but they prevent glare (Almeida, Bertoldi, and Ricci, 90). In addition to this, the windowsills should be white rather than using dark colors since white reflects the light unlike former(a) darker

Drugs of Abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Drugs of Abuse - Essay Exampleay and white matter and is the focal specify of all human activitycontrolling all movements and coordination when a person need to breathe, drive a car, eat some snacks, create some esthetical masterpiece, and many other things.Note that, human brain has three very vital areas that can be damaged by drug abuse. The brain stem, which controls rudimentary functions crucial to life, examples include breathing, heart rate, and sleeping The limbic system, which consist of the brains reward circuit, whereby brain structures are link together, control and regulate a persons ability to sense pleasure as well as motivates to repeat behaviors like eating. Then, the limbic system that is practically activated the issue people perform activities including drugs of abuse. Furthermore, the limbic system is accountable for perception of other emotions, whether it is positive or negative, and this explains the mood-altering characteristics of many drugs. Probably, t he most essential part of the brain isthe noetic cortex, since this area is occupied by structures controlling the senses, enabling people to see, feel, hear, and also to taste. Cerebral cortex is also the thinking area of the brain, very essential for memory, fellowship of facts and events and also for decision making process.Entirely, the brain basically regulates individuals basic body functions, including the process of interpreting facts as well as responding to experiences, emotions, and even behavior. Indeed, the brain is dispassionate of many parts which all work together as one team and these parts are responsible for coordinating and conducting particular functions. However, drugs can deepen important brain areas which are essential for life-sustaining functions it can drive the uncontrollable drug abuse which marks addiction. The areas of the brain are certainly touch on by drug abuse (National Institutes of Health - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2008 p 15).Drugs are

Improving Phonological Awareness and Decoding Skills of High School Essay

Improving Phonological Awareness and Decoding Skills of High School Students From Diverse Backgrounds by Kathleen McQuiston, Dor - Essay ExampleThe prime objective of the reputation is to investigate the efficiency of the awareness system in improving the reading and learning ability of high-school students belonging to the diverse backgrounds both in terms of close and linguistics. The students suffering from impairments were also considered in the research study. It also objected to recognize few measures which can be used for the improvement of the decoding ability among those students. In this regard, the researchers reason out various noteworthy measures which can be beneficial for the students if implied with efficacy and effectivity. Methods In order to perform the research work and obtain relevant findings from the study, the researchers can be recognized to focus on the observation method of data collection. In this case the researchers implied a close observation of the research participants, i.e. the students and the teachers of high-schools. Perpetually, the researchers concentrated on perusing the behavior of the student with impairments and belonging to different cultural groups and linguistics.

Adam Smith During the Scottish Enlightenment Research Paper

Adam Smith During the Scottish Enlightenment - Research Paper ExampleOn graduating, he successfully delivered a list of public lectures at Edinburgh. Those lectures led him eventually to cooperation with David Hume during the period of Scottish Enlightenment.Sharing both rationalist and humanist outlook of the European Enlightenment of the same epoch, the fundamental thinkers and doers of Scottish Enlightenment maintained the fundamental importance of the reason combined with a rejection of all the authorities that cannot be vindicated by reason. They clang to an cheerful belief in the ability of a man to make changes for the better in both nature and social life, being guided solely by the reason.It was this very feature that added the Scottish Enlightenment the peculiar flavor that has distinguished it from its counterpart from over the Continent. Furthermore, Scottish Enlightenment was characterized by an extremely thorough luridness and practically where the main virtues were held to be a practical benefit, improvement, and virtue itself of both societies a whole and an individual.By the middle of the 18th century, Scots had become exactly the most literate nation of Europe. Its level of literacy was estimated as high as 75%. Yet it was not many of them who were making Enlightenment. The whole culture of that while Scotland was oriented to books so spirited discussions were held at such places of intellectual gatherings as The Select Society and The Poker Club. Those places, in fact, were crucibles from which lots of ideas distinguishing Scottish Enlightenment developed.When precept moral philosophy at Glasgow Smith received a chair, and during within this period of time, he published his work The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Later he received a tutoring position allowing him to travel over Europe where he used to meet other prominent intellectuals of the Enlightenment epoch.

Early Post Partum Haemorrhage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Early Post Partum Haemorrhage - Essay ExampleShe was having one of the most serious complications of pregnancy known as post-partum hemorrhage(PPH).According to the Centers for infirmity Control and Prevention (2006), hemorrhage, blood clot, high blood pressure, infection, stroke, amniotic fluid in the bloodstream and heart muscle disease are the leading causes of pregnancy-related deaths which sums up to 2-3 pregnancy-related deaths each day. Although deaths due to pregnancy complications have dramatically declined during the period of 1900-1982, the number of cases has ceased to show any decrease since then, which raises so much concern for the women of child guardianship age. Furthermore, there seem to be a link between a womans race, ethnicity, country of birth, and age and her venture of dying of pregnancy complications. For example, African American women are four times as prone to pregnancy-related deaths as white women, and that, women aged 35-39 are tierce times at great er risk than women aged 20-24 years old. The risk goes up to five times for a woman aged 40 and above. Post-partum hemorrhage accounts for a high 17% of mortality rate in women, and a case such as this would require a nurse/midwife with the proper knowledge and skills to address the situation and save the engender from an otherwise life-threatening situation. This paper is aimed at exploring the guidelines in the management of early post-partum hemorrhage and the treatments available for such condition.A woman in labor undergoes three different stages. The first stage is dilatation. It begins with the period of true labor contractions and ends with when the neck is fully dilated. The first stage is further divided into three phases the latent, the active and the transmutation phases. A regularly perceived uterine contraction marks the beginning of the latent phase. It ends when the rapid dilation of the cervix begins. In the active phase of labor, the cervix dilates

The sustainable environment vs. the current growth of our human Essay

The sustainable environment vs. the current step-up of our human popoulation - Essay ExampleSurely, there must be a limit to the amount of ripening and destruction of the natural resources that this planet can actually sustain before catastrophic events begin to happen. Sustainability entails the capacity for a people and an environment to endure the testify of time. As there is still much we do not do about our current surroundings, there is a cause for concern as the universe of discourse around us continues to mushroom. If there is no regard for the land among us, and there are no plans put into place for increased sustainability moving forward, the earth, as we know it today, could be severely altered in eras to come. With this reality in mind, it is important now to consider whether or not our environment can be sustainable in light of an increased population, and what needs to be to protect future evolutionary eras of mankind who will follow us. That is the focus of this p aper. In ecological terms, sustainability refers to the unique(p) nature that the earths environment has to remain diverse and productive over time (Yazdi and Shakouri 468). It is this diversity that has, to this point, allowed civilizations to flourish since the beginning of time, having access to sustainable resources that energize enabled continued growth. Biologists wonder, however, if this ecological phenomenon that allows the biosphere to continue in its productive state can continue indefinitely in the face of continued growth and abuse. Wetlands and forests that represent the best of what a sustainable biological system entails urinate long dominated the earth, during the modern era. Many people believe that the wetlands continue to be healthy and productive, while forests provide much needed stability to the environment. Time will tell, of course, if these thoughts are correct, or whether we are truly destroying the sustainability of our planet. Throughout history, mili tary man have talked about showing a respect for nature that has transcended time, yet this does not always equate into action. With continued population growth, however, this respect and admiration for the forests, wetlands, and other aspects of our sustainable environment has gradually decreased over time. Sustainability is vitally important to cosmos, however, in order to contribute to the long-term well being and ability to thrive in the midst of global change. Factors that impact this ability to sustain the productiveness of the earth for the long term include certain ecological, political, and cultural components. In essence, the needs of humans to grow and prosper on this earth must be balance with certain environmental values that cannot be compromised. Humans cannot fight the ecology of the adult male in the long-run and expect to win. The need for social equality and economic expansion must be balanced with the need to create a sustainable environment that will continue t o support human expansion. It has long been known that a healthy ecosystem is necessary to not only the continued survival of funding organism (humans included), but also to their ability to flourish as well (Omer 2268). In order to accomplish this feat, methods must be established in an swither to reduce any negative impact that humans have on the environment around them. In order for the earth to remain sustainable and stable, humans must allow it to

Black People and James Baldwin Essay Example for Free

Black People and James Baldwin EssayIn Toni Morrisons Recitatif, the story is about two young womans, Twyla and Roberta. They grow up in an orphans asylum because their baffles could not care for them. Morrison makes it clear the girls come from different ethnic backgrounds but never states which one is black or discolor. At one point in the story Twyla comments, We looked like salt and pepper. I grew frustrated with the story and had to read it several times. I could never determine who was black and white and the lesson I knowledgeable should have been it doesnt strongly matter. The story begins with Twylas mother dropping her off at the orphanage. She meets Roberta and they become best friends. The bond they share occurs because they were not considered real orphans. They were abandoned kids unlike the other children whose parents had died. One of the last times the girls contain each other was the day of a visitation. On that night, Twylas mother was wear those tight green slacks that made her butt stick out. Many people have labeled blacks as having larger butts.She could have been black, she could have been a heavy white woman with a large butt, or a Hispanic woman like me. But I automatically bossd and went with Twyla has to be black. During the visitation Robertas mother had brought chicken legs. Twyla notices Roberta does not eat the chicken legs. I always thought black people liked chicken to a greater extent than white people which means Roberta was white since she did not eat the chicken. Or maybe she just wasnt hungry. Shortly after that visitation Robertas mother came to take her home, leaving the girls devastated.They see each other several times throughout the years. At their first meeting, Roberta was rude and distant because she was high. Roberta tells Twyla she is on the way to see Jimi Hendrix. Hendrix was an infamous black guitarist. I thought at this point Roberta has to be black. However Hendrixs band was interracial with a diverse audience. Roberta could have been white due to the diverse audience. I am a huge Hendrix fan and I am not black so why would I look at Roberta is. Twelve years later they meet again at a grocery store.Roberta married a rich man and was extremely friendly to Twyla. Twyla cannot consent back her emotions and asks Roberta about the last time they saw each other. Roberta shrugs it off, Oh, Twyla, you know how it was in those days blackwhite. You know how everything was. I can relate to this. In 1980, the Cuban Mariel Boat Lifts came over bring thousands of Cubans. I am Cuban but I was born here. Kids I had known since kindergarten treated me as if I just come over on the boats. It had a lasting effect on me and matured me beyond my years.The third time they meet is at the school day where their children attend. Roberta and other mothers were picketing because they did not want their kids to be segregated. This led to a fight severing any last chance of a friendship for them as it would not be resolved until Twyla and Roberta meet for a final time. As the story ends I do not get a sense of closure. The question of which girl is white or black remains unanswered. It opened my eyes and made me question how prejudice I really am.I try to not stereotype as a result of what I went through as a child but I found myself doing just that. I can picture why Morrison wrote the way she. I am not sure what her goal was overall but to me it seemed as if she were teaching me about prejudices. Recitatif challenged me to not judge all girl by their race but accept them for who they are. In the end, what difference did it really make about the girls races? The story is about how their friendship develops and then deteriorates. nought more nothing less.

Computer Program and Level Exam Essay Example for Free

Computer Program and Level Exam EssayIntroduction Goal of the report Goal of the fox drone of method actings and results Methods Steps you took or actions you did Results Tell what you discovered in a table or a graph Discussion Significance of what you found out Recommendations Goals achieved or not Questions raised SESSION ABOUT NAVIGATING THE INTERNET IMRD REPORT The goal of this IMRD report is to describe what I have learned in the session about using the Preimavera program.The goal of this project was to learn how to plan a project from its beginning to the end using a computer program. This report will aver the reader of the methods used, results reached and goals achieved. Methods Level exam The level exam is basically an exam to know how good your computer skills like sending data through the internet. Its a simple exam but it is necessary. Theoretical method The first three sessions are mainly theoretical sessions.Where you learn how to plan a project manually witho ut the computer program by using node diagrams and other planning methods Practical method The rest of the sessions are practical sessions where the teacher explains how to flow the program and gives you a small project to plan and helps you master it. Final test The last step is the test you take where you plan a firm project and according to the result you get a certificate that you have mastered the preimavera. Results Results MethodsI knew that I was qualified for this course Level exam I learned how to plan a project without a computer program Theoretical method I learned how to operate the program Practical method To get a certificate that I mastered the preimavera Final test Discussion The results above show that I have met my goal for learning how to charm on Preimavera program, and I found out that anyone could learn how to use this program, and I still have to learn other planning programs like CANDY. I inspire ZODIAC center for learning computer programs.

The Rise Of The Papacy In Rome

The Rise Of The Papacy In capital of ItalyThe ascendancy of the bishop of Rome oer the whole of the Catholic Church, an institution recognized as the papacy, took centuries to grow. During the first few hundred years of the church building, the title pope, which denotes father, was applied for any important and esteemed bishop. Furthermore, the bishop of Rome was one of a number of meaning(a) bishops in Christendom.Rome had always been treasured for her relationship with Paul and ray of light and her stand as the Church in the Empires chief urban centralize. This was particularly observe afterward Christianity was made sub judice under Constantine which made the importance of that office grow further with each passing roman bishop. The dogma of the authority of the pope finally reached its height in the late 13th century, when Pope Boniface VIII asserted full religious and non-religious authority over every military man being.1Rome prior to Pope GregoryIn 535 it was invaded by an army sent by the emperor Justinian to bring it back under the control of the Roman Empire, the capital of which was now Constantinople.The war between the Ostrogoths and the Empire lasted for some twenty years, devastating the countryside and disrupting social organization.546 the city lay uninhabited for forty days. The final victory of the royal forces left Italy dangerously open to the attentions of another(prenominal) Germanic group, the Lombards. In 568, under their king Alboin, they made their way into Italy, and by force of arms steadily open up themselves over most of the peninsula.During Pope Gregory regin Gregory the large(p) whos life culminated in his holding the office of pope (590604). line of popes whom assumed office after Pelagius I (556-561) who was slimy Pope but was forced on the Church by Justinian.He is generally regarded as one of the offstanding figures in the pertinacious. The empire was unstable and Byzantine fountain had greatly subsided.1 T his was the world into which Gregory, who was drawn to monasticism, was born. Gregory had an interesting and refreshing outlook on missions. He was spurred on to his first missions project in response to the king of Lombard refusing baptism for his subjects.He renewed the church using Benedictine principles. The Bishop of Rome had an immediate impact on believers by reformed congregational worship by introducing choirs in install to read liturgy, he raised the standard of education of the clergy, and an emphasized in preaching. He took the task of protecting Rome from the Lombard threat that lasted in treaty that lasted for a short time period. This was only one treaty of many since Gregory negotiated treaties with several barbarian kings which helped take political steps to protect the Christian community by being destroyed by war. This helped him become the first Pope to act as a temporal ruler which eventually came part of the Papal States. Gregory the Great established the patt ern of church government in England that had everyone being supervised by someone higher. He to a fault started missionary work that spread out of his region.Part of the reason was he was labeled the Great had to do with his influential writings that impacted the Middle ages.7 Also, during his time as pope, he was an advocate of clerical celibacy.8 Furthermore, he was instrumental in the conversion of the Visigothic King Recared to Nicene Catholicism in SpainThrough research we have discovered that the position of Pope gained great influence and index something that has yet to stop. It must be noted that Gregory was the first Pope with a monastic background he made a mark in history. Gregory apply strategies such as connections with the Byzantine elite, which caused him to become well known among the upper classBishops in the Early ChurchDuring the early periods of Christianity, five cities arose as significant core of Christianity. These were Rome, Jerusalem, Antioch, Constantino ple and Alexandria. Even though the Roman Church was highly regarded, the Churches in the East in general had more influence and numbers than those of the West. Following the granting of legal status to Christianity by the Decree of Milan, the church took up the same governmental structure as the Empire whereby geographical provinces were ruled by bishops. These bishops of spot cities thereof rose in baron.2Rome wasnt only the city that could profess to have had a unique responsibility in Christs Church. Jerusalem had the reputation of being the city of Christs death and resurrection. Furthermore, a significant church council took place there in the first century. Antioch was the location where the followers of rescuer were first called Christians. Alexandria was an important early center of Christian belief. Constantinople developed into a very significant city after Constantine shifted his capital there in 330 AD.3Nevertheless, by the fifth part century, the bishop of Rome sta rted claiming his superiority over all other bishops. Moreover, several church fathers made this claim for him as well.Why Rome?Romes association with Peter was the main spiritual reason its ultimate dominance. According to customs, Peter visited Rome all by means of his life and, more significantly, was martyred there. This is affirmed by the belief that his remains are below the St. Peters Basilica in Vatican City. St. Paul was thought to have been martyred in Rome as well.The majority of the claims for the popes authority are supported by one major argument- the so called Petrine theory. affirm by the Council of Florence in 1439, outlined as a subject of faith by the First Vatican Council in 1870, and approved by the Second Vatican Council in 1964, Jesus Christ bestowed the position of Primacy in the church upon Peter only. The First Vatican Council based their claim on a classical New Testament text long linked with it. In Mathew 16, Jesus inquires from his disciples who they believe he is. Peter says, You are the Christ, the Son of the Living God. Jesus responds Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by man, but by my Father in heaven. And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I ordain build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it. I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.4Given that the word Peter stands for rock, the above stated verse has been taken by the Roman Catholic Church to mean that Peter was charged with the task of overseeing the formation of Gods Church, had spiritual power over it which he passed on to successive Popes (Protestants take issue that the rock signifies not only to Peter but to his admission of faith.) Additional biblical support for their claim has been found in the Gospel of John, whereby the resurrected Jesus directs Peter to feed my sheep. An imager y of St. Peter watching over the gates of heaven has its origin from the Matthew 16 passage.5The Bishop of Rome was one of the most significant Bishops of Western europium up until the Reformation due to a number of factors. Being the city which lay claim to having the first martyr, (Peter), Rome was the historical capital of the empire and a politically key city, so it was expected that the bishop of the city would in addition be important. Furthermore, the pope was the most dominant figure that remained in Rome after the capital of the empire was moved to Constantinople by Constantine. The Bishop of Rome claimed control over all other bishops and Christians based on biblical passages, but some of it was as a result of political and cultural realities. In Western Europe, there existed no other cities to rival Rome giving the Roman Bishop automatic prestige. In the east however, there were rivals such as Alexandria, Antioch, Constantinople and Jerusalem. The bishop of Constantinopl e never did stoop to Roman claims. Additional prestige on Rome was as a result of tradition. It was a city of martyrs. The earliest persecutions, initiated by Nero, occurred at Rome. In addition, Peter was martyred at Rome. As earlier observed, Rome was the solitary city in the Western cerebral hemisphere of the Empire while the rest (four) were found in the easterly region of the Empire. As the two areas became increasingly culturally and politically advanced, the eastern region was in charge of decisions concerning the church and political life whereas Rome was sought out regarding decisions of vital nature, whether it be of political or religious side.6In addition, the barbarian attacks of the fifth century were significant. Leo I, considered by many as the first pope in the modern sense, was influential in convincing Attila the Hun not to attack Rome in 452. When it finally fell to the Vandals in 455, Leo persuaded their leader not to set the city on fire. These endeavors furthe r added to the prestige to the bishop of Rome.Besides, when Rome fell to the barbarians in 455 AD, the church grew to be the defender of order, justice, and the remainder of civilization. The bishop of Rome was active in recapturing the harmony and steadiness that had been crushed by the attacks. Compared to the West, the Eastern side of the empire endured for another 1000 years, hence the bishops there didnt match the political significance as their Roman counterparts.7The reality of Rome being the center of political and religious power within Western Europe had some positive ramifications. Firstly, the Christian cause was broadened and Rome was viewed by not only Western Europe as the key voice and head of Christianity, owing in large part to the Catholic Church, but in addition accepted by the people who lived in the Eastern region of Europe. Rome accorded the bishops the chance to petition resolutions that were made, in regarding their standing and duty as men of faith. Many bi shops that were given judgment that they sensed were unfair petitioned their upshot to the Roman Spiritual authority at the time.8The reality of Rome being the center of political and religious power within Western Europe had also negative positive ramifications. In time, the lines started to blur and it became difficult to differentiate between the responsibility of the church and government. There existed the feudal system that echoed the spiritual chain of want that had been advocated for by earlier theologians. This practice gave rights to landowners, allowing their servants to till the land in exchange for imbursement of wages or debt. In spite of this, wealthy persons arose who had servants that were obliged to them. This reached a meridian where it became a never-ending cycle of assistance with little to no possibility of ever being set free of their gained obligations. The church as well started to situation in a way that was not planned by the founding fathers, for inst ance abbots being married. The lowest story of the Papacy occurred when at some point in when Stephen VI was in office, a trial took place where his predecessor, who had passed away 3 days earlier, was taken before a council, found guilty and dragged through the city. After the ordeal, he was buried in a common grave. Subsequently his papal robes were taken and his fingers cut off.9Whereas Rome was the key voice of the Catholic Church, the church faced many challenges leading up to the Reformation.

The Concept Of Teaching Practicum

The Concept Of T from each oneing PracticumTeaching practicum concerns preparation of teachers and its use has embraced every the accomplishment experiences of educatee teachers in rails. The purpose of reviewing related literature is to explore ideas of inform practicum. This review will discuss three main ideas, namely, overview of the concept of beliefs and dogma practicum, theoretical framework and related research studies.2.1 The concept of teaching practicumTeaching practicum is almost universally accepted today as the climax of a teachers original preparation in pre-service teacher pedagogy programs. According to the studies of Gower Walters (1983), the teaching convention course is the major essential component in professional learning. Teaching practicum is specify as those periods of continuous practice twelve weeks (depends on the particular teacher training college or university) in school constitute an obligatory part of the rail in colleges or universitie s of education. This period of practical experience is also called by various term, clinical experience, student teaching, teaching practice as well as practicum. During the teaching practicum, student teacher conducts schoolroom lessons and performs the duties of a teacher in school.According to the Teacher Training Division Guidelines on practicum for pre-service teacher training (2005), teaching practicum provide opportunities for student teacher to practice theories in teaching and learning practices and to develop individual teaching and learning theories. The main aim of teaching practicum is to cause movementive school teachers and not merely classroom teacher. Student teachers are also provided with opportunities for a variety of encounters with children in schools. This means that student teachers are not only know how to teach effectively in class but are also able to handle co-curricular activities as well. In short, teaching practicum programme is to equip future teac hers with the essential experiences which can lead to the development of their professional competencies. Teaching practicum aims for student teachers to master and practice all the concepts, principles, skills and values in set out to sound a professional teacher.2.2 What is belief ?According to Michaela Borg (2001), belief is a proposition which may consciously or unconsciously held, is evaluative in that it is accepted as true by the individual, and there imbued with emotive commitment further, it serves as guide to thought and bahaviour. On the some other hand, Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) define belief as information, factual, and nonfactual cognitions. perception is described as what someone knows or assumes to be true (Berkowitz, 1980, p. 275).No matter what is ones belief, the beliefs still play an important role in many aspects of teaching, as well as in life. It is because these beliefs help individuals make sense of the world, influencing how new information in perceived , and whether it is accepted or rejected. Nevertheless, beliefs differ from knowledge, although they are related to each other, in that beliefs do not always represent the truth. Beliefs are not only considered as discipline-dependent (Tsai, 2002), but beliefs also include understandings, assumptions, images or propositions that are tangle to be true (Kagan, 1992 Richardson, 1996).2.3 Theoretical framework2.3.1 Teachers BeliefsShulman (1986) claimed that a teacher needs to know about the subject matter, to know a variety of general instructional strategies, and to know about the specific strategies necessary for teaching particular subject matter. Most of us would also agree that the good teacher transforms curriculum goals and guidelines in such a way that a particular student is able to master and understand the related content. Dan Lortie states that ones personal predispositions are not only relevant but, in fact, stand at the centerfield of becoming a teacher. Teachers belief is a term usually used to refer to teachers pedagogic beliefs, or those beliefs of relevancy to an individual teaching. The areas most commonly explored are teachers beliefs about teaching, learning, and learners subject matter self as a teacher, or the role of a teacher (Calderhead, 1995). alike that, teachers beliefs do play a central role in the mould of teacher development. Those beliefs form part of the process of understanding how teachers conceptualize their work as a teacher. Tattos (1996, p. 155) important work on beliefs concluded lay cultural norms among enrollees are strongly ingrained and that most teacher education, as it is currently structured, is a weak intervention to alter particular views regarding the teaching and management of diverse learners.Another study shows that a persons belief system has pervasive effects in different spheres of activity- ideological, conceptual, perceptual, and esthetic (Rokeach, 1960, p. 288). In addition, Brown found that certain p hilosophical beliefs and educational beliefs were effective in predicting agreement-disagreement with experimentalism of classroom practice. Indications were that professed educational beliefs had a generalized effect on teaching behavior specific fundamental beliefs were most powerful in influencing specific classroom behaviors (Brown Webb, 1968, p. 215). To support those beliefs, Clark and Peterson (1986) proposed thatThe most resilient or core teachers beliefs are formed on the basis of teachers own schooling as young students while observing teachers who taught them. Subsequent teacher education appears not to stir up these early beliefs, not least(prenominal), perhaps, because it rarely addresses them.If teachers actually try out a particular insertion which does not initially conform to their prior beliefs or principles and the innovation proves helpful or successful, then accommodation of an alternative belief or principle is more possible than in any other circumstance.F or the notice teacher, classroom experience and day to day interaction with colleagues has the potential to influence particular relationships among beliefs and principles, and, over time, consolidate the individuals permutation of them. Nevertheless, it seems that great experience does not lead to greater adaptability in our beliefs and, thereby, the abandonment of strongly held pedagogic principles. Quite the contrary in fact. The more experience we have, the more reliant on our core principles we have become and the less conscious we are doing so.Professional development which engages teachers in a direct exploration if their beliefs and principles may provide the opportunity for greater self-awareness through contemplation and critical questioning as starting points for later adaptation.The teachers conceptualizations of, for example, language, learning, and teaching are situated within that persons wider belief system concerning such issues as human nature, culture, society, education and so on.Consequently, teachers belief about the importance of teaching have a great impact on their teaching practices (Salmon, 1988). The next section will come along at teachers belief about teaching practicum.2.3.2 Teachers belief about teaching practicumThe term practicum is used generically to refer to the different types of school attachment namely, school experience, teaching assistantship, teaching practice and so forth that pre-service students will be undergoing as part their initial teacher preparation programme. The school- ground practicum is designed to enable student teachers to observe a teachers real work of work, and to apply and refine the knowledge and skills acquired through course-work in classroom teaching. Student teachers are to use the opportunities during the practicum to integrate education theory and practice and to widen their practical experiences.In the context of teaching practicum, a student teacher is expected to apply what they have l earned theoretically. To maximise the utility of practicum, it is important that teacher trainers actively promote the effective learning during the practicum period. Effective learning should be concerned with the learning of organized wholes of knowledge. It is a process that involves developing the ability to identify the objectives one is seeking and, within a flexible framework, optimizing a programme to meet these objectives, in line with individual learning attributes. Effective learning also needs to achieve transference of knowledge from the artificiality of a training course, to practical application where the trainees adapts acquired knowledge to the perceived needs of a particular problem or situation (Robotham, 2003). many a(prenominal) researches claim that teaching practicum is a central element in most pre-service teacher education programmes. Many also debates about the assessment of the practice of student teachers often reflect ongoing philosophical debates about the nature of teacher education (Brown, 1996) and traditional barriers amid teachers and academics (Groundwater-Smith, 1997). A set of written criteria used to assess the competence of pre-service secondary teacher education students during practicum. The dimensions of the assessment protocol did not appear to be based on any articulated theory of good teaching practice, and there were significant doubts about the extent to which the various groups of stakeholders had a shared understanding of the standards implied in the criteria. In education what we label as standards are socially constructed and frequently fuzzy (Sadler, 1987) and require the shared understanding of a construct in a community of practice (Wiliam, 1996).2.4 Related Research Studies2.4.1 Pre-service teachers beliefs about teaching practicumPrior to actual teaching experiences, pre-service teachers derive their initial views on teaching from at least two sources. Firstly, it comes from their personal experiences as students, consisting of their interactions with and exposures to various teachers throughout their school life, with such factors having a tendency to influence their reasons for career choice, as well as beliefs and practices on their professional lives (Ben-Petetz, 2003 Bramald, Hardman, Leat, 1995 Saban, 2003). Secondly, it results from pre-service teachers forming their conceptual repertoires as they undergo the formal training provided by teacher educational programs (Bermald, 1995 Dunkin, Precian, Nettle, 1994 Nettle, 1998), initially consisting of theoretical knowledge through foundation and methods courses, and lastly progressing or culminating into the application of such theories via the so-called practice teaching.Few studies have been done in pre-service teachers. The following assumptions are fundamental to a justification of practice as a part of the training of teachersTeaching is behavior, and as behavior is subject to analysis, change, and improvement.Much of t he habitual behavior which individuals have developed in other contexts is inappropriate for the teaching situation.Under present conditions, much teaching is conducted under conditions of stress.Teaching is an extremely complex kind of behavior, involving the full range of thought processes, parley and physical action.Teachers, through practice can learn to analyze, criticize and control their own teaching behavior. coiffure has the dual purpose of training and the elimination of the unfit.Practice provides the experience which gives meaning to many other aspects of instruction in education (teaching).The beliefs of pre-service TESL teachers have may merit their own exploration. These beliefs may influence students in encyclopaedism of knowledge, selection and definition of specific teaching tasks, and interpretation of knowledge, and interpretation of course content. Puchta (1999) asserts that beliefs are guiding principles of our students behavior and strong perceptual filters they act as if they were true. On the other hand, Dunkin (1994) claims that how student-teachers views on teaching may be influenced by formal teaching practicum programme. Kennedy (1996) hypothesizes that real and effective change in teachers practices can only betide through a change in their beliefs the way teachers behave.